Cluster-Stratified Outcome-Dependent Sampling in Resource-Limited Settings: Inference and Small-Sample Considerations

• Activity Number: 89 - SPEED: Survey Methods, Transportation Studies, SocioEconomics, and General Statistical Methods Part 2
• Type: Contributed
• Date/Time: Sunday, July 28, 2019 : 5:05 PM to 5:50 PM
• Sponsor: Survey Research Methods Section
• Author(s): Sara Sauer* and Bethany Hedt-Gauthier and Claudia Rivera-Rodriguez and Sebastien Haneuse
• Companies: Harvard School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School and University of Auckland and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
• Keywords: Cluster-stratified sampling;; Inverse-probability weighting; Program evaluation; Outcome-dependent sampling

Abstract

Public health program evaluation often relies on routinely collected aggregated data. In resource-limited settings, cluster-stratified sampling, in which clinics are sampled and data on all patients in the selected clinics is collected, is a cost-efficient way to overcome the loss of information in group-level data. Given data from a cluster-stratified design, Cai et al. (2001) proposed estimation for a marginal model using inverse-probability weighted generalized estimating equations. Towards performing inference, however, the expression for variance of the resulting estimator presented by Cai et al. (2001) ignored covariance in the cluster-specific selection indicators. We provide a corrected variance expression, as well as a consistent plug-in estimator. Furthermore, we provide expressions for small-sample bias corrections to both the point estimates and the standard errors in the context of outcome-dependent sampling. Simulations are conducted to examine the operating characteristics of the proposed methods. The proposed methods are illustrated using birth data from 18 clinics in Rwanda, collected via a cluster-stratified scheme.