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Abstract:
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The use of antibiotics has not only saved millions of lives, but has also extended life span and enhanced quality of life. Unfortunately, the more a particular antibiotic is used, the greater the probability that bacteria evolve resistance to that antibiotic. Antibiotics are used by humans to treat bacterial infections; however, the bulk of antibiotics sold in the US have been used in animal husbandry. On January 1, 2017, the US government mandated restrictions on antibiotic use in livestock through the implementation of the FDA’s GFI (Guide for Industry) #213, which included a ban of the use of antibiotics for growth promotion in livestock This study examines changes in the consumption of tetracycline by four species of livestock animals from 2016 to 2017, coinciding with the implementation of the GFI #213. Changes in tetracycline consumption were compared to changes in tetracycline resistance in Salmonella and Campylobacter bacteria isolated from slaughter animals, retail meats, and sick humans using a logistic regression model to account for differences in livestock and bacteria species.
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