Abstract:
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Using published, nationally representative estimates from the CDC, we calculated the number of perinatal HIV cases prevented by interventions designed for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), and the number of infants exposed to antiretroviral drugs during the prenatal and intrapartum periods. We calculated the number of infants exposed to antiretroviral drugs from 1994-2010, and the number of cases of mother-to-child HIV transmission prevented. We generated confidence limits on our estimates by performing a simulation study. Model parameters included the annual number of HIV-infected pregnant women, the number of perinatally-infected infants, the proportion of infants exposed to antiretroviral drugs during the prenatal and intrapartum period, and the estimated mother-to-child transmission rate in the absence of preventive interventions. For the simulation study, model parameters were assigned distributions and we performed 1,000,000 repetitions. As a result of PMTCT interventions, an estimated 22,000 (95% CI: 20,200-23,800) cases of maternal-to-child transmission of HIV have been prevented in the United States from 1994-2010.
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