Abstract:
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Understanding the human brain remains the Holy Grail in biomedical science. Our brains represent the most complex systems in the world comprising nearly one hundred billion neurons with septillions of possible connections between them. The structure of these connections engenders an efficient hierarchical system capable of consciousness, as well as complex thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Brain connectivity and network analyses have exploded over the last decade due to their potential in helping us understand this system. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis examines functional associations between time series pairs in specified brain regions. Brain network analysis serves as a distinct subfield of FC analysis in which associations are quantified for all time series pairs to create an interconnected representation of the brain, which allows studying its systemic properties. While FC analyses underlie network analyses, the subtle distinction between the two areas has generally been overlooked in the literature. However, developing more useful analytic methods and allowing for more precise biological interpretations requires distinguishing these two complementary domains.
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