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Abstract:
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To exam the impact of stereotype threat from an item level prospective, the authors developed the Group Activated Probability of Success Model (G.A.P.S.) to replicate the relationship between item level performances of minority group members that are impacted by stereotype threat. To accomplish this a traditional item response theory (IRT) model was modified to reflect the specific characteristics of the individual and the items that interact to influence the individuals estimated ability. The model was developed to simulate the effect of stereotype threat at the item level using the item difficulty, individual ability, and group membership to alter the probability of success on a given item for individuals in the focal group, controlling for ability. Manipulating these factors resulted in a model that successfully replicates the differences found in laboratory and applied experiments.
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