JSM 2005 - Toronto

Abstract #302609

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Legend: = Applied Session, = Theme Session, = Presenter
Activity Number: 79
Type: Invited
Date/Time: Monday, August 8, 2005 : 8:30 AM to 10:20 AM
Sponsor: Section on Statistics in Epidemiology
Abstract - #302609
Title: Estimation of Treatment Effects Adjusted for Post-treatment Confounding
Author(s): Arvid Sjölander*+ and Juni Palmgren
Companies: Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Institutet
Address: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
Keywords: Rubin's causal model ; potential outcomes ; principal stratification ; causal effect ; direct effect
Abstract:

A common problem in epidemiology and clinical medicine is to estimate the effect of an exposure or treatment when it is confounded by one or several variables. If the confounders are post treatment, the problem cannot be handled with ordinary methods such as stratification. We define the causal direct effect of an exposure (treatment or confounder) as a discrepancy in the response distribution for exposed and unexposed individuals when all other factors are equal. We show that in the presence of a post-treatment confounder, the direct effect of the exposure is observable if the direct effect of the confounder is known. Additional assumptions also hold true. Our work is carried out within the framework of Rubin's causal model, and our results are compared to the broad ideas of principal effects and principal stratification.


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Revised March 2005