High-Dimensional Nonparametric Classification for Drug Discovery

• Activity Number: 19
• Type: Contributed
• Date/Time: Sunday, August 8, 2004 : 2:00 PM to 3:50 PM
• Sponsor: Section on Nonparametric Statistics
• Author(s): Alexander G. Gray*+
• Companies: Carnegie Mellon University
• Keywords: spatial statistics ; n-point correlation ; astronomy ; algorithm ; point processes

Abstract

Automated high-throughput drug screening constitutes a critical emerging approach in modern pharmaceutical research. The statistical task of interest is that of discriminating active versus inactive molecules given a target molecule, in order to rank potential drug candidates for further testing. Because the core problem is one of ranking, our approach concentrates on accurate estimation of unknown class probabilities, in contrast to popular non-probabilistic methods which simply estimate decision boundaries. While this motivates nonparametric density estimation, we are faced with the fact that the molecular descriptors used in practice typically contain thousands of binary features. In this work we attempt to improve the extent to which kernel density estimation can work well in high-dimensional classification settings. We present a synthesis of techniques (SLAMDUNK: Sphere, Learn A Metric, Discriminate Using Nonisotropic Kernels) which yields favorable performance in comparison to previous published approaches to drug screening, as tested on a large proprietary pharmaceutical dataset.