JSM 2004 - Toronto

Abstract #300657

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Activity Number: 164
Type: Contributed
Date/Time: Monday, August 9, 2004 : 2:00 PM to 3:50 PM
Sponsor: Biometrics Section
Abstract - #300657
Title: Sample Size Requirements for Randomization within Clusters
Author(s): Miu Lam*+ and Richard Birtwhistle and Marshall Godwin
Companies: Queen's University and Queen's University and Queen's University
Address: Dept. of Community Health & Epidemiology, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
Keywords: stratified randomization ; cluster randomization ; random effects ; intraclass correlation
Abstract:

Much of the development for sample size requirements have been either on stratified randomization, cluster randomization, or their combined stratified cluster randomization designs. Sample size calculation for a study design involving randomization within clusters has not been found in the literature. Sample size requirements will be derived when randomization of subjects to two treatment groups is carried out within each cluster. Since subjects within the same cluster are not independent of each other, intracluster correlation is involved in determining the total number of clusters required to compare the two treatment groups. Formulas are derived for the comparison of two means and the comparison of two proportions. Results show that if observations are independent, in particular, the formulas reduce to the usual formulas for the two independent sample comparisons. For a constant cluster size of two, results are comparable to the usual sample size calculation for paired-sample comparisons.

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