Perinatal Antiretroviral Exposure and Prevented Mother-to-Child HIV Infections in the Era of Antiretroviral Prophylaxis in the United States, 1994--2010

• Activity Number: 177
• Type: Contributed
• Date/Time: Monday, August 10, 2015 : 10:30 AM to 12:20 PM
• Sponsor: ENAR
• Author(s): Craig Borkowf* and Kristen M. Little and Allan W. Taylor and Maria C.B. Mendoza and Margaret A. Lampe and Paul J. Weidle and Steven R. Nesheim
• Companies: CDC and CDC and CDC and CDC and CDC and CDC and CDC
• Keywords: antiretroviral therapy ; HIV ; perinatal ; PMTCT ; prevention of mother-to-child transmission ; simulation

Abstract

Using published, nationally representative estimates from the CDC, we calculated the number of perinatal HIV cases prevented by interventions designed for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), and the number of infants exposed to antiretroviral drugs during the prenatal and intrapartum periods. We calculated the number of infants exposed to antiretroviral drugs from 1994-2010, and the number of cases of mother-to-child HIV transmission prevented. We generated confidence limits on our estimates by performing a simulation study. Model parameters included the annual number of HIV-infected pregnant women, the number of perinatally-infected infants, the proportion of infants exposed to antiretroviral drugs during the prenatal and intrapartum period, and the estimated mother-to-child transmission rate in the absence of preventive interventions. For the simulation study, model parameters were assigned distributions and we performed 1,000,000 repetitions. As a result of PMTCT interventions, an estimated 22,000 (95% CI: 20,200-23,800) cases of maternal-to-child transmission of HIV have been prevented in the United States from 1994-2010.