When more than two treatments are available for a certain patient population, Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) can be used to estimate the effectiveness of each treatment relative to every other in a coherent way. The results of this coherent analysis can then be used to inform decisions, whether based on clinical or cost effectiveness. We will briefly introduce the concept and assumptions of NMA and discuss the advantages of using a Bayesian approach to evidence synthesis in this context. Examples from the literature will be used to illustrate the methods and the interpretation of results. Recent publications in the area, recommendations for best practice and controversies in using NMA, will also be discussed.